Historically, the Russian Empire was the world leader in buckwheat production. Buckwheat is sometimes used as a " green manure", as a plant for erosion control, or as wildlife cover and feed. Buckwheat has a growing period of only 10–12 weeks and it can be grown in high latitude or northern areas. It establishes quickly, which suppresses summer weeds, and can be a reliable cover crop in summer to fit a small slot of warm season. īuckwheat is raised for grain where only a brief time is available for growth, either because the buckwheat is an early or a second crop in the season, or because the total growing season is limited. The seed hull is less dense than water, making the hull easy to remove by floating it away. Buckwheat branches freely, as opposed to tillering or producing suckers, enabling more complete adaption to its environment than other cereal crops. Buckwheat has triangular seeds and produces a flower that is usually white, although can also be pink or yellow.
It grows 75 to 125 centimetres (30 to 50 inches) tall. The buckwheat plant has a branching root system with a primary taproot that reaches deeply into moist soil.
The presence of pollinators greatly increases yield and nectar from flowering buckwheat produces a dark-colored honey. In hot climates buckwheat can be grown only by sowing late in the season, so that it blooms in cooler weather. Cultivation īuckwheat is a short-season crop that grows well in low-fertility or acidic soils too much fertilizer – especially nitrogen – reduces yields, and the soil must be well drained. On the day of these festivals, food items made only from buckwheat are consumed. In India, buckwheat flour is known as kuttu ka atta and is culturally associated since ages with many festivals like, Shivratri, Navaratri and Janmashtami. Dispersal around the globe was complete by 2006, when a variety developed in Canada was widely planted in China. Buckwheat was one of the earliest crops introduced by Europeans to North America. It is the world's highest-elevation domesticate, being cultivated in Yunnan on the edge of the Tibetan Plateau or on the plateau itself. The oldest remains found in China so far date to circa 2600 BCE, while buckwheat pollen found in Japan dates from as early as 4000 BCE. Domestication most likely took place in the western Yunnan region of China. Ĭommon buckwheat was domesticated and first cultivated in inland Southeast Asia, possibly around 6000 BCE, and from there spread to Central Asia and Tibet, and then to the Middle East and Europe. The wild ancestor of tartary buckwheat is F. esculentum and the wild forms have a common distribution, in Yunnan, a southwestern province of China. The wild ancestor of common buckwheat is F. Buckwheat, illustration from the Japanese agricultural encyclopedia Seikei Zusetsu (1804)
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